| Weapons
 Shaka invented the short, large bladed iXhwa spear, so named from the sound it made when being withdrawn from the body of an opponent. He also turned the shield into an offensive weapon. Warriors were taught to catch their shield behind that of their opponents and thrust it out of the way, exposing the warrior's body.
The isaGila is more commonly known as the knobkerrie - a heavy stick with a fist sized end used as a club. It was also used as a throwing weapon when hunting.
The isiPhapha is the long throwing spear.
The umTshisa is the traditional fighting stick - one end tapered to a point and the other with a sharp chisel end. A smaller stick and small shield are used to fend off blows.
The battleaxe was used to identify the indunas, who only fought each other.
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